The verbal system is based on a present and a past stem. From the latter an infinitive is formed with the endings -(a)y, or literary -(a)n. The imperfective and subjunctive particles are ma-, Hawr. mi-, and bi- respectively. After ma- there is often reduction of the initial consonants b, d, g; thus Kand. maw can mean “I come,” “it becomes” (lit. mabō), “he gives” (madō), and “it is necessary” (magō). The personal endings of present tenses are Hawr. sing. 1 -ū, 2 -ī, 3 -ō, plur. 1 -mē, 2 -dē, 3 -ā; Kand. -ǖ, -ī, -ū, -im, dī,-ān; but Gahv., -im, -ī, -i, -ām, -a, -in. In the koinē, -m and -n occasionally appear in the first per. sing. -ū(m/n).