Many factors can complicate small craft harbor development. Access can be limited by rail lines and highways, which often run parallel to the water’s edge. Waterfront sites are typically characterized by poor soil conditions, deteriorated bulkheads, piers and pile foundations, wetlands, and sensitive near-shore environments. The destructive power of wind, waves, and currents often requires expensive harbor and flood protection. Varying water levels and tides pose a special challenge in achieving the desired land–water interface.
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